2 Samuel 17:29

Authorized King James Version

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And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

Original Language Analysis

וּדְבַ֣שׁ And honey H1706
וּדְבַ֣שׁ And honey
Strong's: H1706
Word #: 1 of 18
honey (from its stickiness); by analogy, syrup
וְחֶמְאָ֗ה and butter H2529
וְחֶמְאָ֗ה and butter
Strong's: H2529
Word #: 2 of 18
curdled milk or cheese
וְצֹאן֙ and sheep H6629
וְצֹאן֙ and sheep
Strong's: H6629
Word #: 3 of 18
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
וּשְׁפ֣וֹת and cheese H8194
וּשְׁפ֣וֹת and cheese
Strong's: H8194
Word #: 4 of 18
a cheese (as strained from the whey)
בָּקָ֔ר of kine H1241
בָּקָ֔ר of kine
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 5 of 18
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ H5066
הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ
Strong's: H5066
Word #: 6 of 18
to be or come (causatively, bring) near (for any purpose); euphemistically, to lie with a woman; as an enemy, to attack; religious to worship; causati
לְדָוִ֛ד for David H1732
לְדָוִ֛ד for David
Strong's: H1732
Word #: 7 of 18
david, the youngest son of jesse
הָעָ֗ם The people H5971
הָעָ֗ם The people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 8 of 18
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 18
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אִתּ֖וֹ H854
אִתּ֖וֹ
Strong's: H854
Word #: 10 of 18
properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by, at, among, etc
לֶֽאֱכ֑וֹל that were with him to eat H398
לֶֽאֱכ֑וֹל that were with him to eat
Strong's: H398
Word #: 11 of 18
to eat (literally or figuratively)
כִּ֣י H3588
כִּ֣י
Strong's: H3588
Word #: 12 of 18
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אָֽמְר֔וּ for they said H559
אָֽמְר֔וּ for they said
Strong's: H559
Word #: 13 of 18
to say (used with great latitude)
הָעָ֗ם The people H5971
הָעָ֗ם The people
Strong's: H5971
Word #: 14 of 18
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
רָעֵ֛ב is hungry H7457
רָעֵ֛ב is hungry
Strong's: H7457
Word #: 15 of 18
hungry (more or less intensely)
וְעָיֵ֥ף and weary H5889
וְעָיֵ֥ף and weary
Strong's: H5889
Word #: 16 of 18
languid
וְצָמֵ֖א and thirsty H6771
וְצָמֵ֖א and thirsty
Strong's: H6771
Word #: 17 of 18
thirsty (literally or figuratively)
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ in the wilderness H4057
בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃ in the wilderness
Strong's: H4057
Word #: 18 of 18
a pasture (i.e., open field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert

Analysis & Commentary

And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

This verse contributes to the narrative of Competing Counsel, emphasizing divine providence over human wisdom. The contrast between Ahithophel's shrewd counsel and Hushai's divinely-blessed alternative demonstrates God's providential control over human wisdom. The text explicitly states "the LORD had appointed to defeat the good counsel of Ahithophel" (v. 14), emphasizing divine sovereignty. Ahithophel's suicide demonstrates despair when human wisdom fails. Theological themes include God's sovereignty over human planning, divine protection of His anointed, and the inadequacy of worldly wisdom apart from God.

Historical Context

The historical setting of 2 Samuel 17 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding divine providence over human wisdom provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.

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